Chapter 6 - Infinitive verb and Gerund verb

Infinitive

Form: to + verb

Verb in its basic form, couldn't as a main verb so it's never conjugated with -ed, -ing and could be used as noun, adverb and adjective.

I need to swim everyday

  • I = subject
  • need = main verb
  • to swim = Infinitive
I swim everyday
  • I = subject
  • swim = finite verb, function as main verb
Types of Infinitives as below:

1. Infinitive verb as noun (names person, place, thing, and concept)

    As noun, the infinitive placed as subject or direct object 

    he likes to play soccer

  • like = main verb
  • to play = describe concept "like" and placed as direct object
    to dance on stage is John greatest dream
  • is = main verb
  • to dance = placed as subject and describe concept "dream"
2. Infinitive verb as adjective (describe noun, pronoun, identify and quantify)

    I need a movie to watch
  • need = verb
  • a movie = noun
  • to watch = describe noun
    I need a dog to teach
  • need = verb
  • a dog = noun
  • to train = adjective, describe noun 
3. Infinitive verb as adverb (describe adjective, verb and other adverb) and it could be used to answer question 'why' ?

    My friends were amazed to see me singing on stage

  • were = verb
  • amaze = adjective
  • to see = adverb, describe adjective and answer a question 'why were my friends amaze? 
    I went to collage to become an architect
  • went = verb
  • to become = adverb, describe verb and answer the question 'why did you go to collage?'
    The police return to help her
  • return = verb
  • to help = adverb, describe verb and answer the question 'why does the police return?'


Gerund

Form: verb + ing

verb is in position as noun of sentences, could be as subject or object 

He likes playing soccer
             object

Swimming is something that I want now
   subject


Infinitives vs Gerunds

1. Terminology

    I like to walk to office vs I like walking to office 
           Infinitive                         Gerund

    to walk, mean: activity may not happen in time of speaking but maybe latter
    walking, mean: activity usually happen, happened before time of speaking

    I stopped to meet my friend because he is rude vs I sopped meeting my friend
              Infinitive                                                             Gerund

    I forgot to pay the rent vs I forgot paying the rent

    Infinitive necessary to have reason to be explained but gerund not necessary

2. Only gerund could be object of preposition but infinitive couldn't

    I think about walking into the crowded vs I think about to walk into the
crowded

    about is preposition, to walk could not followed about

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